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Diffstat (limited to 'site/content')
-rw-r--r-- | site/content/JWT.md | 41 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | site/content/_index.md | 85 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | site/content/block_docs.md | 30 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | site/content/register_docs.md | 39 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | site/content/transaction_docs.md | 26 |
5 files changed, 221 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/site/content/JWT.md b/site/content/JWT.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..46da1a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/site/content/JWT.md | |||
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1 | +++ | ||
2 | title = "JWT" | ||
3 | description = "JSON Web Token Documentation" | ||
4 | weight = 4 | ||
5 | +++ | ||
6 | |||
7 | > JSON Web Tokens are representations of claims, or authorization proofs that fit into the `Header` of HTTP requests. | ||
8 | |||
9 | # How? | ||
10 | |||
11 | JWTs are used as the [MAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_authentication_code) of operations that require authorization: | ||
12 | - block proposal | ||
13 | - transaction proposal. | ||
14 | |||
15 | They are send alongside the JSON request body in the `Header`; | ||
16 | |||
17 | ```html | ||
18 | Authorization: Bearer aaaaaa.bbbbbb.ccccc | ||
19 | ``` | ||
20 | |||
21 | Gradecoin uses 3 fields for the JWTs; | ||
22 | |||
23 | ```json | ||
24 | { | ||
25 | "tha": "Hash of the payload, check invididual references", | ||
26 | "iat": "Issued At, Unix Time", | ||
27 | "exp": "Expiration Time, epoch" | ||
28 | } | ||
29 | ``` | ||
30 | |||
31 | - `tha` is explained in [blocks](@/block_docs.md) and [transactions](@/transaction_docs.md) documentations. | ||
32 | - `iat` when the JWT was created in [Unix Time](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_time) format | ||
33 | - `exp` when the JWT will expire & be rejected in [Unix Time](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_time) | ||
34 | |||
35 | # Algorithm | ||
36 | We are using [RS256](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7518.html#section-3.1), `RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 using SHA-256`. The JWTs you encode with your private RSA key will be decoded using the public key you have authenticated with. You can see how the process works [here](https://jwt.io/). | ||
37 | |||
38 | # References | ||
39 | - [RFC, the ultimate reference](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7519) | ||
40 | - [JWT Debugger](https://jwt.io/) | ||
41 | |||
diff --git a/site/content/_index.md b/site/content/_index.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4ad0544 --- /dev/null +++ b/site/content/_index.md | |||
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1 | +++ | ||
2 | title = "Gradecoin" | ||
3 | sort_by = "weight" | ||
4 | +++ | ||
5 | |||
6 | # Welcome to Gradecoin! | ||
7 | |||
8 | Blockchains are incredibly simple yet can appear very complicated, we will see how they work and practice programming _production_ cryptography code. | ||
9 | |||
10 | This server is the sandbox for the PA1, it's currently running the Gradecoin application. Gradecoin is the faux currency we will use to simulate a blockchain network. At the end of the simulation, the amount of Gradecoin you hold will be your PA1 grade. | ||
11 | |||
12 | **A quick summary**: authenticate yourself to the system using public key encryption. | ||
13 | Craft [Transaction](@/transaction_docs.md) proposals and tag them using [JWTs](@/JWT.md). | ||
14 | When there are enough transactions then you can propose [Blocks](@/block_docs.md) in the same way. | ||
15 | Blocks need to be _mined_ beforehand using Proof-of-work, or brute force. | ||
16 | |||
17 | Gradecoin offers 3 endpoints at [/register](/register), [/block](/block) and [/transaction](/transaction). You can only send GET requests to /block and /transaction without authorization. | ||
18 | The server is programmed in [RESTful](https://www.service-architecture.com/articles/web-services/representational_state_transfer_rest.html) architecture, there are no `DELETE`, `PUT` or `UPDATE` operations, though. | ||
19 | |||
20 | Gradecoin uses a Proof-of-work block accepting mechanism. It uses single round [Blake2s](https://www.blake2.net/) hashing which produces 256-bit (64 hexadecimal characters) output. The [target](https://wiki.bitcoinsv.io/index.php/Target) hash is _24 bits_ or _6 hexadecimal characters_ of 0. During testing, I could mine a block on average around 2-7 minutes. | ||
21 | |||
22 | > We're expecting you to use existing tools and implementations. Standards are hard. [Don't roll your own crypto](https://www.reddit.com/r/crypto/comments/2coqsy/dont_roll_your_own/). Feel free to ask questions. Collaborate. | ||
23 | |||
24 | You might ask, | ||
25 | |||
26 | > But if nobody has any Gradecoin then how do we have transactions? | ||
27 | |||
28 | There is a bank! Their public key is `31415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209749445923` and they have some amount of Gradecoin preloaded. It's also the only account that you can send transactions requests _to_ yourself. | ||
29 | |||
30 | # Coinbase | ||
31 | The first transactions of a block is called the `coinbase`. They are the **author** of the block proposal and if the block is accepted then they get compensated for their efforts with some Gradecoin. | ||
32 | |||
33 | # Public Key Signatures | ||
34 | Gradecoin uses 2048 bit RSA keyspairs. | ||
35 | |||
36 | # Services | ||
37 | ## /register | ||
38 | - Student creates their own 2048 bit RSA `keypair` | ||
39 | - Downloads `Gradecoin`'s Public Key from [Moodle](https://odtuclass.metu.edu.tr/my/) | ||
40 | - Encrypts their JSON wrapped `Public Key`, `Student ID` and one time `passwd` using Gradecoin's Public Key | ||
41 | - Their public key is now in our database and can be used to sign their JWT's during requests | ||
42 | |||
43 | ## /transaction | ||
44 | - You can offer a [Transaction](/transaction) - POST request | ||
45 | - The request should have `Authorization` | ||
46 | - The request header should be signed by the Public Key of the `by` field in the transaction | ||
47 | - fetch the list of `Transaction`s - GET request | ||
48 | |||
49 | ## /block | ||
50 | - offer a [`schema::Block`] - POST request | ||
51 | - The request should have `Authorization` | ||
52 | - The [`schema::Block::transaction_list`] of the block should be a subset of [`schema::Db::pending_transactions`] | ||
53 | - fetch the last accepted [`schema::Block`] - GET request | ||
54 | |||
55 | `Authorization`: The request header should have Bearer JWT.Token signed with Student Public Key | ||
56 | |||
57 | # Questions | ||
58 | ## This all sound complicated! | ||
59 | - I've drawn inspiration from [actual Bitcoin transactions](https://explorer.bitcoin.com/btc) and [warp](https://github.com/seanmonstar/warp/blob/master/examples/todos.rs). The simplicity of the system is how little interfaces it has. | ||
60 | - Don't know where to start? Gradecoin uses RESTful API; simple `curl` commands or even your browser will work! [This website can help as well](https://curl.trillworks.com/). | ||
61 | - [JWT Debugger](https://jwt.io) and the corresponding [RFC](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7519) | ||
62 | - Remember that you are absolutely encouraged to grab off-the-shelf implementations for every cryptography primitive you will use. You can start by finding a code snippet to generate a RSA keypair? | ||
63 | |||
64 | ## I found a bug! | ||
65 | Thank you! Please [let me know](mailto:yigit@ceng.metu.edu.tr) so we can solve it. | ||
66 | |||
67 | ## I hacked the server! | ||
68 | That wasn't supposed to happen :( I did not place any intentional vulnerabilities to the system so if you cracked something, it was not intended. Please don't abuse it and let me know so I can patch it. | ||
69 | |||
70 | ## Submission? | ||
71 | At the end of the _simulation_, your Gradecoin balance will be your grade. I will also expect a unique client programmed in either; | ||
72 | - c | ||
73 | - c++ | ||
74 | - perl | ||
75 | - rust | ||
76 | - python | ||
77 | - random assortment of bash scripts | ||
78 | |||
79 | If your favourite programming language is missing please let me know 🤷? | ||
80 | |||
81 | ## Can my friends play? | ||
82 | Sadly, no. Student's who are enrolled to the class will receive one-time-passwords for authentication. | ||
83 | |||
84 | ## How and or Why? | ||
85 | - [Built](https://xkcd.com/2314/), [with](https://lofi.cafe/) [Rust](https://xkcd.com/2418/) | ||
diff --git a/site/content/block_docs.md b/site/content/block_docs.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c1d61e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/site/content/block_docs.md | |||
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1 | +++ | ||
2 | title = "Blocks" | ||
3 | description = "Block Documentation" | ||
4 | weight = 10 | ||
5 | +++ | ||
6 | |||
7 | A block that was proposed to commit Transactions in `transaction_list` to the | ||
8 | ledger with a nonce that made `hash` valid; 6 zeroes at the left hand side of the | ||
9 | hash (24 bytes). | ||
10 | |||
11 | We are _mining_ using [blake2s](https://www.blake2.net/) algorithm, which produces 256 bit hashes. Hash/second is roughly 20x10^3 on my machine, a new block can be mined in around 4-6 minutes. | ||
12 | |||
13 | # Requests | ||
14 | |||
15 | ## GET | ||
16 | A HTTP `GET` request to [/block](/block) endpoint will return the latest mined block. | ||
17 | |||
18 | ## POST | ||
19 | |||
20 | A HTTP `POST` request with Authorization using JWT will allow you to propose your own blocks. | ||
21 | |||
22 | # Fields | ||
23 | ``` | ||
24 | transaction_list: [array of Fingerprints] | ||
25 | nonce: unsigned 32-bit integer | ||
26 | timestamp: ISO 8601 <date>T<time> | ||
27 | hash: String | ||
28 | ``` | ||
29 | |||
30 | [ISO 8601 Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Combined_date_and_time_representations) | ||
diff --git a/site/content/register_docs.md b/site/content/register_docs.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..83aef7f --- /dev/null +++ b/site/content/register_docs.md | |||
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ | |||
1 | +++ | ||
2 | title = "Register" | ||
3 | description = "Register Documentation" | ||
4 | weight = 3 | ||
5 | +++ | ||
6 | |||
7 | POST request to /register endpoint | ||
8 | |||
9 | Lets a user to authenticate themselves to the system. | ||
10 | Only people who are enrolled to the class can open Gradecoin accounts. | ||
11 | This is enforced with your Student ID and a one time password you will receive. | ||
12 | |||
13 | # Authentication Process | ||
14 | - Gradecoin's Public Key (`gradecoin_public_key`) is listed on our Moodle page. | ||
15 | - You pick a short temporary key (`k_temp`) | ||
16 | - Create a JSON object (`auth_plaintext`) with your `metu_id` and `public key` in base64 (PEM) format (`S_PK`) [reference](https://tls.mbed.org/kb/cryptography/asn1-key-structures-in-der-and-pem) | ||
17 | ```json | ||
18 | { | ||
19 | "student_id": "e12345", | ||
20 | "passwd": "15 char secret", | ||
21 | "public_key": "---BEGIN PUBLIC KEY..." | ||
22 | } | ||
23 | ``` | ||
24 | |||
25 | - Pick a random IV. | ||
26 | - Encrypt the serialized string of `auth_plaintext` with 128 bit block AES in CBC mode with Pkcs7 padding using the temporary key (`k_temp`), the result is `auth_ciphertext`. Encode this with base64. | ||
27 | - The temporary key you have picked `k_temp` is encrypted using RSA with OAEP padding scheme | ||
28 | using SHA-256 with `gradecoin_public_key`, giving us `key_ciphertext`. Encode this with base 64. | ||
29 | - The payload JSON object (`auth_request`) can be serialized now: | ||
30 | |||
31 | ```json | ||
32 | { | ||
33 | "c": "auth_ciphertext", | ||
34 | "iv": "hexadecimal", | ||
35 | "key": "key_ciphertext" | ||
36 | } | ||
37 | ``` | ||
38 | |||
39 | If your authentication process was valid, you will be given access and your public key fingerprint that is your address. | ||
diff --git a/site/content/transaction_docs.md b/site/content/transaction_docs.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..820c35f --- /dev/null +++ b/site/content/transaction_docs.md | |||
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ | |||
1 | +++ | ||
2 | title = "Transactions" | ||
3 | description = "Transaction documentation" | ||
4 | weight = 6 | ||
5 | +++ | ||
6 | |||
7 | A transaction request between `source` and `target` to move `amount` Gradecoin. | ||
8 | |||
9 | # Requests | ||
10 | |||
11 | ## GET | ||
12 | A HTTP `GET` request to [/transaction](/transaction) endpoint will return the current list of pending transactions. | ||
13 | |||
14 | ## POST | ||
15 | |||
16 | A HTTP `POST` request with Authorization using JWT to [/transaction](/transactions) will allow you to propose your own transactions. | ||
17 | |||
18 | |||
19 | # Fields | ||
20 | ``` | ||
21 | by: Fingerprint | ||
22 | source: Fingerprint | ||
23 | target: Fingerprint | ||
24 | amount: unsigned 16 bit integer | ||
25 | timestamp: ISO 8601 <date>T<time> | ||
26 | ``` | ||