return {
    {
        "neovim/nvim-lspconfig",
        dependencies = {
            "j-hui/fidget.nvim",
            "folke/neodev.nvim",
            "RRethy/vim-illuminate",
            "hrsh7th/cmp-nvim-lsp",
        },
        config = function()
            local map = require("helpers.keys").map

            map('n', '<leader>e', vim.diagnostic.open_float, "lsp: open diagnostics float")
            map('n', '[d', vim.diagnostic.goto_prev, "lsp: goto previous diagnostic")
            map('n', ']d', vim.diagnostic.goto_next, "lsp: goto next diagnostic")

            -- neodev setup before lsp config
            require("neodev").setup()

            -- set up cool signs for diagnostics
            local signs = { Error = " ", Warn = "", Hint = "", Info = "" }
            for type, icon in pairs(signs) do
                local hl = "DiagnosticSign" .. type
                vim.fn.sign_define(hl, { text = icon, texthl = hl, numhl = "" })
            end

            -- Diagnostic config
            local config = {
                virtual_text = false,
                signs = {
                    active = signs,
                },
                update_in_insert = true,
                underline = true,
                severity_sort = true,
                float = {
                    focusable = true,
                    style = "minimal",
                    border = "rounded",
                    source = "always",
                    header = "",
                    prefix = "",
                },
            }
            vim.diagnostic.config(config)

            -- this function gets run when an lsp connects to a particular buffer.
            local on_attach = function(_, bufnr)
                map = require("helpers.keys").lsp_map

                map("<leader>lr", vim.lsp.buf.rename, bufnr, "lsp: rename symbol")
                map("<leader>la", vim.lsp.buf.code_action, bufnr, "lsp: code action")
                map("<leader>ld", vim.lsp.buf.type_definition, bufnr, "lsp: type definition")
                map("<leader>ls", require("telescope.builtin").lsp_document_symbols, bufnr, "lsp: document symbols")

                map("gd", vim.lsp.buf.definition, bufnr, "lsp: goto definition")
                map("gD", vim.lsp.buf.declaration, bufnr, "lsp: goto declaration")
                map("gr", require("telescope.builtin").lsp_references, bufnr, "lsp: goto references")
                map("gI", vim.lsp.buf.implementation, bufnr, "lsp: goto implementation")
                map("K", vim.lsp.buf.hover, bufnr, "lsp: hover documentation")
                map("<c-k>", vim.lsp.buf.signature_help, bufnr, "lsp: signature help")

                -- Create a command `:Format` local to the LSP buffer
                vim.api.nvim_buf_create_user_command(bufnr, "Format", function(_)
                    vim.lsp.buf.format()
                end, { desc = "lsp: format current buffer" })

                map("<leader>fm", "<cmd>Format<cr>", bufnr, "lsp: format current buffer")
            end

            -- nvim-cmp supports additional completion capabilities, so broadcast that to servers
            local capabilities = vim.lsp.protocol.make_client_capabilities()
            capabilities = require("cmp_nvim_lsp").default_capabilities(capabilities)

            -- pkgbuild
            require("lspconfig").pkgbuild_language_server.setup({})

            -- lua
            require("lspconfig")["lua_ls"].setup({
                on_attach = on_attach,
                capabilities = capabilities,
                settings = {
                    Lua = {
                        completion = {
                            callSnippet = "Replace",
                        },
                        diagnostics = {
                            globals = { "vim" },
                        },
                        workspace = {
                            library = {
                                [vim.fn.expand("$VIMRUNTIME/lua")] = true,
                                [vim.fn.stdpath("config") .. "/lua"] = true,
                            },
                        },
                    },
                },
            })

            -- python
            require("lspconfig")["pylsp"].setup({
                on_attach = on_attach,
                capabilities = capabilities,
                settings = {
                    pylsp = {
                        plugins = {
                            -- we had to disable this here for ruff + black to work
                            pycodestyle = {
                                enabled = false,
                            },
                            ruff = {
                                enabled = true,
                                extendSelect = { "I" },
                            },
                            black = {
                                enabled = true,
                            },
                        },
                    },
                },
            })

            -- efm
            require("lspconfig")["efm"].setup({
                on_attach = on_attach,
                filetypes = { 'sh' },
                capabilities = capabilities
            })

            -- ltex
            require("lspconfig")["ltex"].setup({
                capabilities = capabilities,
                on_attach = function(client, bufnr)
                    on_attach(client, bufnr)
                    require("ltex_extra").setup {
                        load_langs = { "en-GB" },
                        init_check = true,
                        log_level = "none",
                    }
                end,
                settings = {
                    ltex = {
                        -- my settings here
                    }
                }
            })

            -- rust-tools
            local rust_opts = {
                tools = {
                    runnables = {
                        use_telescope = true,
                    },
                    inlay_hints = {
                        auto = true,
                        show_parameter_hints = true,
                        parameter_hints_prefix = "↸ ",
                        other_hints_prefix = "❱ ",
                    },
                },

                -- all the opts to send to nvim-lspconfig
                -- these override the defaults set by rust-tools.nvim
                -- see https://github.com/neovim/nvim-lspconfig/blob/master/CONFIG.md#rust_analyzer
                server = {
                    on_attach = on_attach,
                    settings = {
                        -- to enable rust-analyzer settings visit:
                        -- https://github.com/rust-analyzer/rust-analyzer/blob/master/docs/user/generated_config.adoc
                        ["rust-analyzer"] = {
                            -- enable clippy on save
                            checkOnSave = {
                                command = "clippy",
                            },
                        },
                    },
                },
            }

            require('rust-tools').setup(rust_opts)
        end,
    },
    {
        "barreiroleo/ltex-extra.nvim",
        event = "LspAttach",
    },
    {
        "j-hui/fidget.nvim",
        event = "VeryLazy",
        opts = {
            text = {
                spinner = "triangle",
                commenced = "started", -- message shown when task starts
                completed = "done",    -- message shown when task completes
            },
        },
    },
    {
        "simrat39/rust-tools.nvim",
        event = "LspAttach",
    },
}